Where there is liver injury, by any cause, there are numerous apoptotic cells whichinfluence the metabolic function of the liver. Soy isoflavone is known to have an effect that inhibits apoptotic cells in follicles and osteoblast.  The aim of this study is to evaluate whether soy has an anti-apoptotic effect on CCl4induced liver injury in mice.This study used 30 eight- to 10-week-old male DDY mice, divided into six groups.  Group I acted as positive control, and received standard pellets with injury induced by 0.2 ml CCl₄ per oral intake, for 3 weeks.  Group II, the negative control, received only standard pellets. Groups III-VI received standard pellets treated soybean extract at 145.6 mg, 218.4 mg, 291.2 mg and 364 mg per day respectively, administrated orally for 3 weeks and then received0, 2 ml CCl₄ per oral intake for the inducement of injury. After 4 days ofCCl₄,-induced intake the effect of the soybean extract was evaluated using histochemistry evaluation TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling). The identification and quantification of the apoptotic cells in the mouse liver tissue were done using light microscopy, and the TUNEL immunohistochemical examination results showed that the number of cells undergoing apoptosis in the group treated by soybean extract was less than those in the group that was not treated. Enhancement by ANOVA analysis between the groups showed a significant difference at p <0.05.The results showed that the soy treatment when administrated orally, could significantly prevent the development of apoptotic cells in liver injury. 

This research was aimed to finding the efficiencies of powdered seeds of Strychnos potatorum natural water treatment agents alternative to the use of synthetic chemicals. The optimum dosages and turbidities were observed to the alum and Strychnos potatorum. The results obtained the Strychnos potatorumprovethe plant can be used for the treatment of turbidity in drinking water. Performance of Strychnos potatoram seed extract as primary coagulant and compared with the performance of alum. S. potatoram seed extract is effective as a prime coagulant compared with alum, it produces water with slightly higher residual turbidity and residual color, but the residual turbidity and residual color are within the WHO drinking water guideline values for turbidity (5 NTU) and color (15 TCU). The effectiveness of Strychnos potatoramin the removal of turbidity, total hardness, pH, and total dissolved solids (TDS) has been investigated. Prelimainary phytochemical screening were carried out and also IR - Spectrum were analysed. Strychnos potatorum seeds column compounds were tested for their antibacterial properties against some pathogenic gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The growth of Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli were significantly inhibited. The maximums zone of inhibition was found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiellapneumoniae and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Liver is the largest gland in the human body. It plays a major role in metabolism and has a number of functions in the body, including glycogen storage, plasma protein synthesis, and detoxification. Emu oil comes from a thick pad of fat on the back of the bird that was initially provided by nature to protect the animal from the extreme temperatures of its Australian homeland. The present study evaluated the Hepatoprotective activity of Emu oil (Dromaius novaehollandiae) Pods by using CCl4 and Paracetamol induced Hepaotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. In the present study Emu oil is used at arbitrary dose for 7 days in CCl4 and Paracetamol induced Hepaototoxicity. Parameters like SGPT, SGOT, ALT, ALP, Total Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin in blood and Histopathology of liver were evaluated. 

The objective of the present research study is to develop compression coated tablets of Ketorolac Tromethamine (KTM) with a view of minimizing the drug release in the physiological environment of stomach and small intestine and to achieve maximum drug release in the physiological environment of colon by applying Natural polymers like Xanthan Gum, Guar Gum, Karaya Gum and Combination of Xanthan Gum/ Guar Gum with Hpmc K100M as a compression coat over the KTM core tablets. The prepared tablets were evaluated for their pre and post compression parameters.In vitro drug release studies were conducted in  pH1.2 buffer, phosphate buffer (pH7.4) and  in enzyme free simulated intestinal fluid (pH6.8) and also  in pH6.8 PBS containing 2%, 4% w/v of rat caecal contents. A significant difference was observed in the amount of KTM released at the end of 24hr of the dissolution study with rat caecal content medium when compared to the dissolution study without rat caecal contents.

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in inflammation represents one of the most studied yet controversial subjects in physiology. A number of reports have been demonstrated that NO possesses potent anti inflammatory properties, whereas an equally impressive number of studies suggest that NO induces cell and tissue dysfunction thereby promoting inflammation. It is known for a long time that inflammatory processes are associated with enhanced production of a number of substances, such as Bradykinin, IL-β, TNF-α, Substance P, PGE2, Interferon-gamma (INF-γ), Nerve growth factor (NGF), Serotonin and Histamine. Practically all of these substances, some of which are produced by neurons, have shown to be associated with enhanced production of NO. Inhibitors of NO biosynthesis may provide a novel therapeutic approach for various diseases. In addition, design of selective inhibitors of NOS may act as useful tools for investigating other biological functions of NO.

The colon is a site where both local and systemic delivery of drugs can take place .Local delivery allows topical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. However, treatment can be made effective if the drugs can be targeted directly into the colon, thereby reducing the systemic side effects. Colon target drug delivery system has been gained great importance not only for the treatment of local diseases but also for the systemic delivery of proteins, therapeutic peptides, anti-asthmatic drugs, antihypertensive drugs and ant diabetic agents. New systems and technologies have been developed for colon targeting and to overcome pervious method’s limitations. Colon targeting holds a great potential and still need more innovative work. This review article discusses introduction of colon, need and approaches of colonic drug delivery, factor effecting colonic transition, colonic diseases and the novel and emerging technologies for colon targeting.

Asthma is one of the most important non communicable diseases in the world. It is also a chronic disease affecting our lungs commonly. More than 235 million people are currently affected in various countries and 100 million will be affected by 2025. To prove the anti-asthmatic property of a drug, need to evaluate mast cell stabilizing and bronchodilator property of the drug. Maha punnai ver kuligai (MPVK) is a herbo mineral compound having potent equal part of both herbal and mineral as ingredient. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-asthmatic activity of a classical Siddha herbo mineral compound Maha Punnai Ver Kuligai through experimental models. The results demonstrate that drug has potent broncho dilator property with significant mast cell stabilizing activity in experimental animals.

The current investigation were aimed to develop sustain release formulation of Flutamide niosomes in order to provide better therapeutic effect. Flutamide niosomes was prepared by thin film hydration method using drug, span 60 and cholesterol in different ratios. The formulations were optimized from the above method with respect to vesicle shape, entrapment efficiency, drug content, compatibility studies and in vitro drug release. The FT-IR spectra shows the drug and excipients were compatible. The in vitro release studies indicates that all the formulation exhibits retarded release for 24 hrs and its release mechanism was followed by Higuchi order kinetics. 

The aim of the present study was to develop and characterized a vesicular drug carrier system (ethosomes) for topical delivery of Gliclazide to overcome the problems related with oral route. Ethosomes of Gliclazide were prepared by thin film hydration technique by varying the composition drug, soya lecithin and propylene glycol. Ethosomes formulations were characterized for compatibility, Vesicle size, % Drug content, % Entrapment efficiency, Surface morphology, Surface charge, invitro drug release and stability studies. The ethosomal gel was prepared for optimized ethosomal formulation F3 by incorporated into 1% Carbopol gel. The in vitrodrug release and invivo skin irritation study and hypoglycemic activity were carried out for the gel F3-G. Drug and physical mixture were characterized by FTIR, the result of IR study showed that no interaction between drug and polymers and other formulation parameters of formulated ethosomes and ethosomal gel are evaluated which showed better results. Ethosomal gel F3-G was proved nonirritant and showed  better stability, more hypoglycemic effect as compared to oral formulation because it provide reduction in blood glucose level with controlled manner up to 24 hrs. Hence, ethosomes drug delivery system was better choice for sustained release of drug through topical drug delivery.

The  aim  of  the  present  study  is  an  attempt  to  formulate  and evaluate microspheres drug delivery of Zidovudine by using Chitosan as a polymer for potentially treating HIV and AIDS related conditions. The formulation F1 to F4 which were prepared by ionic gelation method byvarying the concentration of Chitosan polymer ratios which were significantly affected the in vitro drug release from the prepared formulations. The in vitro drug release studies were carried out by using phosphate buffer pH 7.4. Drug and physical mixture were characterized by FTIR.The formed microspheres showed prolonged in vitro drug release. It might contribute better patient compliance while reduce frequency of dosing and by acceptable sustained-release dosage form Zidovudine microspheres promote a fast and effective against the AIDS related conditions.