The new precise, simple, accurateRP HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of Tamsulosin Hydrochloride and Dutasteride in pharmaceutical dosage form. Solubility determination of Tamsulosin Hydrochloride and Dutasteride in various solvents and buffers. Determine the absorption maxima of both the drugs in UV-Visible region in different solvents/buffers and selecting the solvents for HPLC method development. Optimize the mobile phase and flow rates for proper resolution and retention times. Validate the developed method as per ICH guidelines. A simple and selective LC method is described for the determination of Tamsulosin Hydrochloride and Dutasteride tablet dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C₁₈ column using mobile phase consisting of a mixture of Phosphate buffer (KH2PO4) pH:3.5: Acetonitrile: Methanol (40:30:30v/v), with detection of 223 nm. Linearity was observed in the range 19.2-44.8 µg /ml for Tamsulosin Hydrochloride (r² =0.9961) and 24-56µg /ml for Dutasteride (r² =0.9981) for the amount of drugs estimated by the proposed methods was in good agreement with the label claim. From the above experimental results and parameters it was concluded that, this newly developed method for the simultaneous estimation of Tamsulosin Hydrochloride and Dutasteride was found to be simple, precise, accurate and high resolution and shorter retention time makes this method more acceptable and cost effective and it can be effectively applied for routine analysis.

Atenolol is a selective β₁ receptor antagonist, a drug belonging to the group of beta blockers (sometimes written β-blockers), a class of drugs used primarily in cardiovascular diseases. Introduced in 1976, Atenolol was developed as a replacement for Propranolol in the treatment of hypertension. The aim of the present study is to develop a pharmaceutically stable, cost effective and quality improved formulation Containing Atenolol. In this study Atenolol delayed release tablets were prepared by using different concentrations of polymers. All the formulations evaluated for optimum release and among all the formulations F6 (86.1%)was found to be best of all the formulations showing drug release matching with the Reference product (84.83%) so to that formulation all the tests were done for conformation.

Buccal mucosa is the preferred site for both systemic and local drug action. The mucosa has a rich blood supply and it is relatively permeable. In buccal drug delivery systems mucoadhesion is the key element so various mucoadhesive polymers have been utilized in different dosages form. Bioadhesion can be defined as a phenomenon of interfacial molecular attractive forces in the midst of the surfaces of biological substrate and the natural or synthetic polymers, which allows the polymer to adhere to biological surface for an extended period of time. In this review we have discussed the various approaches to achieve mucoadhesion through oral cavity, various types of mucoadhesive dosage forms along with new generation mucoadhesive polymers.

With oral and parenteral drug delivery systems, poor patient compliance is a frequent problem observed in daily clinical practice. Transport of drug across the skin is best route of drug delivery, because the skin is largest human organ with total weight 3 kg and a surface of 1.5 -2.0 m².  But the big hurdle in transdermal delivery of drug is the skin, the stratum corneum, the outermost envelop of the skin. Recently, various strategies have been used to augment to the transdermal delivery. Mainly, they include iontophoresis, electrophoresis, sonophoresis, chemical permeation enhancers, micro needles, and vesicular system (liposomes, niosomes, elastic liposomes such as ethosomes and transfersomes). Transfersomes possess an infrastructure consists of hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties together and as a result can accommodate drug molecules with wide range of solubility. By using the concept of rational membrane design we have recently devised special composite bodies, they are called transfersomes. Transfersomes can deform and pass through narrow constriction (from 5 to 10 times less than their own diameter) without measurable loss. Transfersomes penetrate through the pores of stratum corneum which are smaller than its size and get into the underlying viable skin in intact form due to its deformable nature. The system can be characterized by in vitro for vesicle shape and size, entrapment efficiency, degree of deformability, number of vesicles per cubic mm. This high deformability gives better penetration of intact vesicles. They can act as a carrier for low as well as high molecular weight drugs e.g. analgesic, anesthetic, corticosteroids, sex hormones, anticancer, insulin, gap junction protein, and albumin. The present review highlights the formulation aspects, characterization, and therapeutic applications of transfersomes.

Chewing gum has been used for centuries to clean the mouth or refresh the breath. The European Pharmacopoeia defined the intended use of medicated chewing gum (MCG) as non dissolving intraoral drug dosage form for local treatment of mouth diseases or for systemic delivery after absorption through the buccal mucosa or from the gastrointestinal tract. Medicated chewing gum has a history for about a century. Now-a-days it is considered to be a potential and convenient modified release drug delivery system which can be used in pain relief medication, smoking cessation, travel illness, freshening of breath, prevention of dental caries, alleviation of xerostomia, vitamin or mineral supplementations etc. Medicated chewing gums are prepared by using a water insoluble gum base with water soluble bulk portion. This formulation offers both local and systemic effects and has a range of advantages over conventional oral solid dosage forms. USP currently has no in vitro release testing apparatus for the evaluation and determination of drug release from the prepared chewing gums. But European Pharmacopoeia adopted a compendial apparatus to do so. Medicated chewing has drawn attention to the researchers as potential drug delivery system and it could be a commercial success in near future.

Presently pharmaceutical industries are focusing on development of sustained release formulations due to its inherent boons. Sustained release dosage forms are designed to release a drug at a predetermined rate by maintaining a constant drug level for a specific period of time with minimum side effects. The basic rationale of sustained release drug delivery system optimizes the biopharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties of a drug in such a way that its utility is maximized, side-effects are reduced and cure of the disease is achieved. There are several advantages of sustained release drug delivery over conventional dosage forms like improved patient compliance due to less frequent drug administration, reduction of fluctuation in steady-state drug levels, maximum utilisation of the drug, increased safety margin of potent drug, reduction in healthcare costs through improved therapy and shorter treatment period. The basic goal of sustained release is provide promising way to decrease the side effect of drug by preventing the fluctuation of the therapeutic concentration of the drug in the body and increase patient compliance by reducing frequency of dose.

Liquisolid compact were used to formulate water insoluble drugs in non-volatile solvent and convert into acceptably flowing and compressible powders. The main aim of this method is enhance the dissolution rate and bioavailability of BCS II drugs. About 40-50% of drugs available in market are water insoluble in nature. The bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs is the dissolution rate limited. Limited solubility is the major challenge for the development of ideal solid unit dosage form. “Liquisolid compact technique” or “the powder solution technology” is a novel and most promising technology for overcoming this consequence. This is the novel technique of oral drug delivery. This approach is suitable to formulate both immediate release and also sustained release formulations. 

The use of plants in treatment of burns, dermatophytes and infectious diseases is common in traditional medicine. Based on ethno pharmacological and taxonomic information, antibacterial activities of aqueous extracts of Caralluma fimbriyata were determined by in vitro by agar diffusion-method against some human pathogenic bacteria. The stem of Caralluma fimbriyata, belonging to the Asclopedaceae family and which have some ethnomedicinal applications were studied for antibacterial activity. Powdered stem materials of selected plant were extracted with aqueous. The aqueous extracts were evaporated to dryness using rotary flash evaporator. The antibacterial screening of aqueous extract carried out in vitro on the following bacteria viz., E.coli,Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from stool and sputum sample. This study supports, the traditional medicines (herbal extracts) to cure many diseases like diarrhea, intestinal tract, throat, ear infections, fever and skin diseases.

Solid lipid nanoparticles are at the forefront of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology with several potential applications in drug delivery, clinical medicine and research as well as in other varied sciences.SLNs introduced in the beginning of the 1990s represent an alternative carrier system to traditional colloidal carrier systems. This review presents various production techniques for SLNs including their advantages and disadvantages, methods of characterizations, formulation variables, drug incorporation models and factors effecting loading capacity. Aspects of SLN route of administration and their applications in various fields are discussed.

Liposomes are the most promising and broadly applicable of all the novel drug delivery systems. The shelf life of liposomal suspensions can be limited; it would be useful to have a method of producing liposomes quickly, at the point of use and without excessive manipulation. These needs are met by the “proliposome” method. Proliposome are simply soluble particles covered with liposome precursors which, when dissolved in water, will produce liposomes. Payne et al (1986a, 1986b) originally developed this method. The focus ofthis review is to bring out different aspects related to liposomes, Proliposomes preparation, characterization, merits and highlights its potential to be exploited for different routes of administration.