Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, nonspecific, resistant illness that typically affects the entire colon and the rectum. In addition to genetic and environmental variables, the etiopathology is most likely associated with dysregulation of the mucosal immune response toward the local bacterial flora. To manage the inflammation or lessen symptoms, a variety of drugs are employed. A vast array of techniques and treatments that fall outside the purview of traditional Western medicine are included in herbal medicine. However, there is little controlled evidence supporting the effectiveness of traditional Chinese treatments for ulcerative colitis, including bovine colostrum enemas, wheat grass juice, aloe vera gel and Boswellia serrata. Herbal remedies may still be less harmful than synthetic ones, despite their inherent risks. The efficacy, relative safety, low cost and high patient acceptability of herbal treatment may be its main advantages. Herbal therapy appears to have gained widespread acceptance among patients worldwide and hundreds of research investigations have evaluated its effectiveness in treating ulcerative colitis. There are undoubtedly hazards and advantages linked with herbal treatment, but the research supporting it is insufficient, complicated and unclear. To optimize the quality and safety of herbal medicine techniques for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, more controlled clinical trials are required, along with stricter regulations.

Tamarindus indicaL. commonly known as tamarind is a medium sized fruit-tree belonging to the family Leguminosae (Fabaceae). Imli, often known as a "Indian date" is the name of the tamarind tree, also known as the "Assam tree”. It grows well in both semi-arid and humid monsoon climates and can grow on a wide range of soil types. Tamarindus indica L. play a significant impact in human nutrition, particularly in underdeveloped nations. The predominant concentration of essential oil is found in leaves. The tamarind fruit is the most prevalent and valuable component utilized from the tamarind tree. Bark has certain properties such as antioxidant, antibiotic, anti-microbial, analgesic and spasmogenic activites. Leaves has certain properties such as Antiemetic activity and Protection of liver. Seed has anti-inflammatory activities effect on the control of satiety, having a potential for treatment or prevention of obesity. The Tamarindus Indica has the various pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic activity, hypolipidemic activity, antioxident, cytotoxic activity, etc.

A targeted drug delivery system has been developed as a result of recent developments in nanotechnology. However, a specialised drug delivery system is needed in order to effectively target a molecule to a particular location using a drug delivery system. Because nanosponge can absorb both hydrophilic and hydrophobic pharmaceuticals, its discovery has been a significant step towards overcoming issues such drug toxicity, limited bioavailability and predictable drug release. Because nanosponges may be made to work with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic pharmaceuticals, they offer promise as a solution to issues related to medicine toxicity, reduced bioavailability and drug release across a wide area. Nanosponges are small structures with a three-dimensional network and porous hollow. Nanosponges are small structures with a three-dimensional network and porous hollow. They can be easily created by crosslinking cyclodextrins with various chemicals. Because of Cyclodextrin's excellent biocompatibility, stability, and safety, a number of Cyclodextrin-based drug delivery systems have been rapidly developed. The nanosponge drug delivery system has a wide range of applications, including cancer, autoimmune illnesses, theranostic uses, increased bioavailability and stability. This review delves into the benefits and downsides, preparation procedures, factors influencing their preparation, characterisation techniques, applications, and the most recent advancements in nanosponges. Nanosponges can also act as an efficient carrier of enzymes, proteins, vaccines and antibodies. The current review focuses on the method of preparation, characterisation and possible application in drug delivery systems.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease, is one of the most difficult illnesses to treat among the elderly. Clinically manifested as various impairments in memory, language, cognition, visuospatial skills, executive function and so on, the symptoms progressively worsened over time. The drugs currently in clinical use can slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease and alleviate symptoms, but they cannot cure it completely. The drugs are primarily acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NDMAR) antagonists. Although the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is unknown, it is frequently linked to beta-amyloid expression. Previous, current, and future drug development for the disease has focused on abnormal amyloid deposition and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in the brain. Researchers are currently focusing increasingly on the extraction of natural compounds that may be effective against Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Marine natural products have been shown to be the most promising candidates among these compounds, with some exhibiting significant neuroprotective properties. Consequently, we aim to elucidate the potential effects of bioactive compounds derived from marine organisms, including polysaccharides, carotenoids, polyphenols, sterols and alkaloids, as drug candidates, to facilitate the discovery of novel and efficacious therapeutic agents effective against Alzheimer's disease.

The emergence of nanotechnology has transformed the pharma industry, with novel solutions to centuries-old issues of drug delivery and therapeutic targeting. Of these, nanopolymerization-a method of fabricating polymeric nanostructures with nanometer-scale control over size, composition and function-has become a revolutionary strategy. This review discusses the concept of nanopolymerization, elucidating its methodology, classes of nanopolymers and mechanisms of drug loading and release. Particular focus is given to its various applications in oral, parenteral, mucosal and transdermal delivery methods, gene therapy and vaccine delivery. The capability to integrate passive as well as active targeting strategies into nanopolymeric systems has further contributed to site-specific delivery, minimized systemic toxicity and enhanced therapeutic effectivity. Recent progress, such as FDA-approved products, combination therapy and stimuli-responsive or "smart" systems, reveal the translational value of nanopolymerization in theranostics and personalized medicine. Nonetheless, safety concerns, high-volume manufacturing and regulatory approval are still the main challenges to clinical translation. This article concludes that nanopolymerization is a huge step ahead in the design of future drug delivery systems and ongoing research in this field is set to bridge the gap between the innovation being discovered in the laboratory and care for patients.