Alternate Vendor Development is an important strategy followed by Pharmaceutical industries in order to meet the continuous demand of materials for production of dosage forms. This article reviews the reasons and requirements for AVD, changes in pharmaceutical formulation and API which are inevitable and procedure for evaluating those changes. It also describes advantages over the development of AVD.

For the treatment of many diseases large molecular weight protiens are required. These can be available with the availability of Hydrogels. Hydrogels are hydrophilic, three-dimensional networks, which are able to imbibe large amounts of water or biological fluids, and thus resemble, to a large extent, a biological tissue. They are insoluble due to the presence of chemical (tie-points, junctions) and/or physical crosslinks such as entanglements and crystallites. These materials can be synthesized to respond to a number of physiological stimuli present in the body, such as pH, ionic strength and temperature. The main aim of the current article is to describe about all the information of Hydrogels.

The intrauterine device (IUD) is a method of birth control designed for insertion into a woman's uterus so that changes occur in the uterus that makes it difficult for fertilization of an egg and implantation of a pregnancy. IUDs also have been referred to as "intrauterine contraception (IUC). IUDs approved for use in the U.S. contain medications that are released over time to facilitate the contraceptive effect. This article reviews the design, mechanism and types of IUD and risks of contraception.

Ropinirole is a non-ergoline dopamine agonist. It is used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. In this study Ropinirole hydrogel tablets were prepared and optimized the release of Ropinirole by using HEC (Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose), Carbopol and Sodium alginate as polymers. The tablets prepared by direct compression technique and evaluated by physical parameters and invitro dissolution parameters. A total twelve formulations were prepared with varying polymer concentrations.All tablets were acceptable with strength was observed in tablets formulated with HEC (Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose), Carbopol and Sodium alginate. Formulation F₁₁ showed maximum release 99% in 12 hrs. FT-IR studies showed no evidence of interaction between drug and polymers.

Parenteral drug delivery systems are the preparations that are given other than oral route. (Para-outside, enteric–intestine). The Parenteral administration route is the most common and efficient for delivery of active drug substances with poor bio-availability and the drugs with a narrow therapeutic index. But parenteral route offers rapid onset of action with rapid declines of systemic drug level. For the sake of effective treatment it is often desirable to maintain systemic drug levels within the therapeutically effective concentration range for as long as treatment calls for. It requires frequent injection, which ultimately leads to patient discomfort. For this reason, drug delivery system which can reduce total number of injection throughout the effective treatment, improve patient compliance as well as pharmacoeconomic. These biodegradable injectable drug delivery system offer attractive opportunities for protein delivery and could possibly extend patent life of protein drugs. Parenteral drug delivery system seeks to optimize therapeutic index by providing immediate drug to the systemic pool in required quantity to treat– cardiac attacks, respiratory attacks. This article includes all the details of parenteral drug delivery system.

Paracetamol the drug of choice for analgesic and as antipyretic which gain the fame by its availability of different dosage forms , wider clinical acceptance by casual easy go approach towards the people. After the India has signed in GATT agreement the flourishing of combination in the entire category of pharmaceutical started. Out of all combinational therapeutic range the Paracetamol has maximum number of combinations in India. The aim of the work is to collect the combinations which are available in Indian Pharma market and compile, sort out what are the other groups of drugs combined with Paracetamol to the public health. Apart from this compilation work we tried to find out what are the combinations which are banned by our drug control department to maintain and give the good therapeutic effect with minimal side effect for shake of nation’s health policy.

Sustained release dosage forms are designed to release a drug at a predetermined rate by maintaining a constant drug level for a specific period of time with minimum side effects. In the recent years, focus on the development of controlled release drug delivery systems has increased. The basic rationale of controlled release drug delivery system optimizes the biopharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties of a drug in such a way that its utility is maximized, side-effects are reduced and cure or control of the condition is achieved, in the shortest possible time by using smallest quantity of drug administered by the most suitable route. There are several advantages of sustained release drug delivery over conventional dosage forms like improved patient compliance due to less frequent drug administration, reduction of fluctuation in steady-state drug levels, maximum utilization of the drug, increased safety margin of potent drug, reduction in healthcare costs through improved therapy, shorter treatment period and less frequency of dosing can be achieved. This review briefly emphasizes about the Sustained release drug delivery system characteristics, formulation design and drug release mechanisms.

The current paper was an attempt to design Sintered high density matrix tablets of Metformin hydrochloride to evaluate for increase bioavailability by increasing gastric residence time and prolongs drug absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract and permits once daily dosing in patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with enhance patient compliance. Metformin hydrochloride containing high density matrix tablets were formulated by using central composite design having 2 independent variables at 3 levels. Independent variables were total amount of hydrophilic gel forming polymers (Hydroxyl Propyl Methyl Cellulose K15M, Carbopol 934P and Guar gum) X₁ and polymer-polymer ratio X₂. The prepared formulations were evaluated for various physicochemical properties and in vitro drug release characteristics. Statistical optimization carried out for various responses like ‘n’ of peppas equation, ‘K’ of zero order and ‘n’ of higuchi equation and T_80%. Optimized formulation was found to provide more sustained release of drug. Release kinetics of optimized formulation followed Higuchi model with anomalous non -fickian diffusion. Hence optimized sintered high density matrix tablet could be a promising delivery system for Metformin hydrochloride with sustained release action and improved drug availability.

A simple, accurate and reproducible reverse phase isocratic HPLC method has been developed for determination of Phloroglucinol in tablet dosage form. PhG is primarily used to treat the pains in the digestive functional disorders, in the renal colics, and in certain pains in gynecology.The best separation of PhG and its degradation products was achieved on reverse phase CN column. The mobile phase was composed of aqueous solution at 0.5 g/l of H₃PO₄ (85%)at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min and effluent was monitored at 220 nm. Chromatogram showed a peak of PhGat retention time of 4.9 ± 0.1 min. The linearity range was found to be 100 μg/ml ± 20 μg/ml. Recovery ofPhGwas found to be in the range of 98.55% ± 0.45%.  Degradation products of PhGformed under different forced conditions have been characterized through LC–UV–PDA studies. The drug substance was found to be susceptible to stress condition of oxidation and alkaline but more stable to acid, dry heat and Photolytic condition attempted. 

The present study aimed at investigating the lipid profile in GDM subjects. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 20 GDM pregnant women and 20 control subjects in Chennai. The TG and Cholesterol were measured in all the samples by GC – FID analysis. Results: Significant increase in the levels of total cholesterol which is a risk factor for the development of GDM in our study. Results of the present study indicate that increase in total cholesterol, lipid concentration is indicators for the risk of Cardiovascular Disease in GDM subjects with multiple pregnancies as compared to control subjects. Diabetic pregnant subjects had significant lower activity of SOD and GST when compare to control (P<0.0001). GDM subjects showed significant increase in catalase activity (P<0.0001). No significant difference was found in GPx in both the studied groups. The changes in serum vitamin C were found to be decreased in GDM. The vitamin E level were found to be increased in GDM subjects. The oxiant status of MA, NO, LHP were also significantly decreased (P<0.0001) in GDM. There was a significant increased in reduced glutathione levels.