The aim of the work is an attempt to made formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving tablets of Tramadol by direct compression and wet granulation method with the aid of superdisintegrant addition. Fast dissolving tablets of Tramadol were prepared by direct compression and wet granulation method. Six formulations were developed by using three different superdisintegrants  in  varying  concentrations  in  such  a  way  that  total  weight  of  the tablet  remains  the  same.  The drug and polymer incompatibility was ruled out by FTIR studies.  All the formulated tablets were subjected for pre and post-compression. Evaluation parameters from the FTIR studies, the drug-polymers computability were confirmed. All the formulated tablets were shown satisfactory results which complies with official limits. Among the six formulations, the formulation containing 3% crospovidone (F6) showed highest drug release of 98.46% in 10 mins than other formulations. From  this  study  we  can  made  the  conclusion  that  formulated  tablets  of Tramadol containing  Crospovidone, Crosscarmilose  sodium  are better and effective than conventional tablets to meet patient compliance and give fast relief from allergic.

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective activity of different extracts on Sphaeranthus zeylanicus against alloxan induced hyperglycemic and Paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. The methanol extracts of whole plant (200 mg/kg) and Glibenclamide10 mg/kg and Silymarin200 mg/kg were used for the studies. Methanolic extract of whole plants showed significant hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective effect by reduction in blood sugar, serum enzymes SGOT and SGPT in the selected animal model which is compared with standard. The experimental results are suggested that the biologically active phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, alkaloids present in the methanolic extract of Sphaeranthus zeylanicus may be responsible for the significant hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective activity.

Curcuma caesia roxb a vegetatively propagated member of the Zingiberaceae family has been used extensively due to therapeutic properties. The phyto constituents are extracted and isolated by using soxhlet apparatus and preparative TLC respectively, and the isolated compound was characterized by FTIR. The new, simple and validated UV Spectroscopic method was developed for the isolated compound. Linearity of the isolated compound was found to be 10-50μg/ml, correlation co-efficient was 0.999, precision was found to be <2, LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.55μg/ml and 1.66μg/ml respectively. The anti-oxidant activity of Curcuma caesia roxb isolated compound was studied by free radical scavenging activity in comparison with ascorbic acid as standard.

In the present study, to develop oro dissolving films of candesartan cilexetil with an objective to achieve rapid dissolution/absorption and further improving the bioavailability of the drug. Also, to resolve the swallowing problems in pediatric, geriatric patients by rapid dissolution in saliva and improve the patient compliance. Oral disintegrating films of candesartan cilexetil were formulated using low viscosity grade of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC E15) as a film forming polymer and glycerol as a plasticizer by solvent casting method. If higher concentration of HPMC E15 was resulted in sticky film formation. The in vitro disintegration time of the optimized batch ODF-2 was found to be 23 seconds. The films exhibited satisfactory thickness, mechanical properties like tensile strength, % elongation and elastic modulus. In vitro dissolution studies. The optimized batch was found to be (Formulation ODF-2) exhibited faster disintegration time showing 99.98 % drug release within 15 min.

A simple, precise and validated   UV Spectrophotometric method was developed for Mefenamic acid bulk drug. Beer’s lamberts law was followed in the range of 5.0 - 25.0 µg /ml (r² =0.999) and LOD, LOQ were found to be 0.2, 0.7 respectively. Then drug interactions were studied for Mefenamic acid and Ofloxacin by UV spectrophotometric method.  These studies were performed under different conditions like increasing the concentration of Mefenamic acid, increasing the volume Ofloxacin added and also studied under stomach and intestinal pH conditions and the concentration of Ofloxacin was fixed according to the label claim. The percentage drug interaction was calculated using control absorbance.

Nanoparticles as a drug delivery system has a several advantages over a conventional multi dose therapy much review effort in developing a nano particle as a drug delivery system has been focused on controlled release and sustained release dose forms. The various approaches are available for achieving the nano particle as a drug delivery system. One of the most effective approaches is nano particles of the drug. Nano particles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 10-1000nm in which the active principle is dissolved and diffused. Nano particles were prepared by Amphiphilic macro molecule, Cross linking, Emulsion polymerization, Interfacial polymerization, Denaturation of natural macromolecules in an oil emulsion, Chemical dehydration, Solvent evaporation, Solvent deposition, Nanoparticle formation by desolvation of macromolecules and co-accervation. The choice of technique mainly depends upon nature of polymer used, the drug and intended use. By the use of nano particles several drugs has been developed for efficacy, to reduce side effects and drug toxicity, increased therapeutic index and bioavailability for prolonging and controlled release.

The approach of solid dispersion for improving the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs. Aceclofenac, was selected as a model for the study, by using Mannitol as carrier and give more rapid onset of action compared to oral conventional dosage form to improve bioavailability and patient compliance. Solid dispersion of Aceclofenac and Mannitol was prepared by Physical mixture, Melting method and Melt solvent method by different ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4) and evaluated by FTIR, DTA analyses and in vitro dissolution characteristics. Dispersions prepared by melting method show better dissolution profile than dispersions prepared by melt solvent method and physical mixture. This may be due to grinding; there is a uniform distribution of drug in the polymer crust at molecular level in a highly dispersed state. Thus, when such system comes in contact with an aqueous dissolution medium, the hydrophilic carrier dissolves and results in precipitation of the embedded drug into fine particles, which increases the dissolution surface available. There is an enhancement of dissolution of Aceclofenac on increasing the concentration of Mannitol. As per the results represented for Trial-4, it is obvious that Aceclofenac: Mannitol (1:4) is proved to possess enhanced dissolution profile.

To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Andrographis paniculata in ethanol induced hepatotoxicity in albino wistar rats. Animals were divided into six different groups containing of six rats each. Group I acts as control were administered single daily dose of normal saline (10 ml/kg bw po) for 28 days. Group II received ethanol for 28 days (20%v/v bw po) were administered to induce hepatotoxicity. Group IV, V and VI received Andrographis paniculata at three different doses (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg bw po) respectively. Group III received silymarin (50 mg/kg bw po) daily for 28 days. On the 28^th day, animals were anaesthetized after 1 hour receiving ethanol under ether and the blood was collected from the retro orbital plexus. Centrifugation at 2500- 3000 rpm at 30⁰C was done to separate the serum. The transaminase enzymes such as AST and ALT were measured in the serum of respective groups to study the liver functions. To evaluate the action of Andrographis paniculata  histopathological study was done to measure the characteristics such as centrizonal necrosis, sinusoidal dilation and hepatic fatty degeneration. Results revealed that, there is a tremendous elevation in the liver enzymes such as ATP and ALT associated with ethanol administration. In addition to that, administration of rats caused liver tissue abnormalities such as centrizonal necrosis, sinusoidal dilation and hepatic fatty degeneration. The aqueous extract of Andrographis paniculata showed significant reduction in the liver tissue abnormalities and liver enzymes. In this present study, it has shown that Andrographis paniculata demonstrate a strong hepatoprotective activity against ethanol induced rats.

The world today is not restricted to the use of synthetic medicine but also focusing more upon the herbal medication for curing various ailments. The present research was subjected to screen in vitro antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract Eugenia jambolana leaves. Preliminary Phytochemical investigation was carried out on the successive extract Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate, Ethanol and Hydroalcoholic extract of Eugenia jambolana leaves. It indicates the presence of Carbohydrates, Alkaloids, glycosides, Saponins, Tannins, Terpeoids, Phenols, Flavonoids, Protein, Sterols and steroids. The antioxidant activity was determined by in vitro methods such as Scavenging of ABTs Radical Method, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay, Antilipid peroxidation Assay, Scavenging of Hydrogen Peroxide, Scavenging of Hydroxyl Radical by p-NDA Method, Nitric Oxide Radical Inhibition, Evaluation of total antioxidant capacity and Estimation of Total Phenol and Flavonol Contents. The IC50 value of hydroalcoholic extract of Eugenia jambolana leaves for DPPH and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity showed significant antioxidant activity in all antioxidant assays The results of this research work are promising thus indicating the utilisation of the leaves of Eugenia jambolana as a significant source of natural antioxidants.