Diclofenac sodium is a Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drug (NSAIDS). It useful for treatment of inflammatory bowel disorders (IBD). Diclofenac sodium colon specific tablet was fabricated by wet granulation technology by applying centre composite rotable design response surface model (CCRD-RSM). CCRD-RSM, independent variables such as guar gum (A), micro crystalline cellulose (MCC) (B) concentration were used. Optimised batch (8) had drug content was 99.95 ± 0.16(%) and % CDR (Y) 99.99 ± 0.21 (%) respectively. This design, the best models such as linear model can be selected due to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) F-value and P value < 0.05 which is considered to be statistically significant. All concentrations of independent variables (A and B) shows significant effect on dependent variables (X and Y). The Prepared colon specific tablet evaluated In terms of bulk density (0.69 ± 0.02), tapped density (0.72 ± 0.05), Carr’s Index (1.59 ± 0.21) angle of repose (24.23° ± 0.24) and in vitro study. The result associated in optimized batch (8) is good to Satisfactory and having a good free flowing property. In vitro release study is indicate that the prepared colon specific tablet (99.99 ± 0.21 %) shows maximum release as compared to marketed tablet (85.14 ± 0.25 %). It was found that the in-vitro drug release of colon specific tablet containing diclofenac sodium explained by First order model of Anomalous Non Fickian dissolution mechanism.

Accumulation of iron in the body results in initiation and propagation of reactive oxygen species, which start to attack the cell vital macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA causing cell damage, DNA mutation and ultimately cell death. Iron overload is implicated in many disorders in the body such as heart failure, liver cirrhosis and fibrosis, gallbladder disorders, diabetes, arthritis, depression, infertility, and cancer. Even though synthetic chelating agents are available, they have several limitations such as poor oral bioavailability, short plasma half-life, high cost and several side effects. Several researchers have been interested in studying iron overload problems in the body for finding an efficient and natural iron chelators with high safety margin and economic cost from different sources to replace synthetic drugs which exhibited many of limitations. Plants rich of polyphenolic compounds could act as an antioxidant and natural chelators sources since they have more ability to chelate with iron metal forming soluble, stable complexes that can be excreted in the feces and/or urine thereby preventing damaging effects of iron overload. This is a review on plants and isolated compounds which may have potential iron chelating activity.

The Calendula officinalis Linn belong to family Asteraceae is used medicinally in Europe, China and India amongst several places in the world. The local name of this plant is “marigold” and has been a subject of several chemical and pharmacological studies. In traditional medicine system it is used especially for wound healing, jaundice, blood purification, and as an antispasmodic. This plant was also useful in the health benefits associated with natural compounds and have been demonstrated with the emphasis on antioxidants. The phenolic compound in fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices possess potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activities. The present study focused on the antioxidant activity of Calendula officinalis Leaf Extract in vitro conditions. The dried leaf of Calendula officinalis was extracted with methanol using a Soxhlet extractor. The total phenolics content of leaf as determined by Fenton reaction and was found to be good antioxidant activity as different dose concentrations. The antioxidant activity of plant extract was carried out with ascorbic acid as a standard reducing agent. All the analysis was made with the use of UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. In this plant Calendula officinalis Leaf Extract there was a remarkable concentration dependent free radical scavenging and reducing power was exhibited. These findings demonstrated that Calendula officinalis Leaf Extract possess free radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity as well as antioxidant activity in vitro. In conclusion the present study indicates that Calendula officinalis Leaf Extract may be a potential source of natural antioxidant. The results suggested that Calendula officinalis Leaf Extract could serve as a potential source of antioxidant and can be used in any preparations for combating free radical mediated damage to the body.

Scleropyrum pentandrum (Dennst) Mabb of santalaceae family is a small tree of evergreen forests in different parts of the world. It is common to sandy soil of divine forests of coastal Kerala, Peninsular India, Western Ghats, South and Central Sahyadris. Traditionally Scleropyrum is important in different biological activities and tribal community of different region of the world is exploring the benefit. This study explains the anthelmintic activity of the bark of the Scleropyrum pentandrum. The aqueous extract, alcoholic extract and the crude drug were tested for the anthelmintic activity. Literature review of this plant proves the necessity of scinentific evaluation as very less work has done so far with Scleropyrum pentandrum. Further study is needed to isolate and elucidate its medicinally active components. Also necessary studies are needed to evaluate each compound for its pharmacological identities.

Now a day Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are most developing formulations of nanotechnology with numerous applications including solubility enhancement in diverse fields like clinical medicine, drug delivery and research as well as in other different branches of sciences. SLN are the sphere-shaped particles of nanometer range which immersed in water or aqueous surfactant solution either using lipophilic and hydrophilic drug. It is equal to an oil-in-water emulsion for parenteral nutrition but the liquid lipid (oil) of the emulsion has been replaced by a solid lipid, i.e. producing SLN. Different production methods which are suitable for large scale production and applications of solid lipid nanoparticles are described in this review. Different analytical techniques are used for characterization of solid lipid nanoparticles such as scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and photon correlation spectroscope. Aspects of solid lipid nanoparticles, route of administration and their bio distribution are also integrated. If appropriately investigated, solid lipid nanoparticles may open new scenes in therapy of complex diseases.