In present study buccal drug delivery of cetylpyridinium was developed to overcome the first pass metabolism and to reduce frequency of dosing compared to oral route. Matrix type of buccal patches was developed by using polymers Eudragit-L100, HPMCk4M and HPMCk15M. Buccal patches were prepared by employing solvent casting method. Propylene glycol and Tween80 were selected as permeation enhancer and plasticizer. Drug excipient compatibility studies were carried out by using FTIR, and it was observed that there were no interactions. Formulations were prepared with the varying concentrations polymers ranging from F1-F12, and all the formulations were evaluated for various physical parameters Physical appearance, Flatness, Weight variation, Thickness, Folding endurance, Drug content, Moisture uptake, Moisture content and Swelling study and all the results were found to be were found to be within the pharmacopeial limits, in vitro drug release studies by using dialysis membrane. Among all the 12 formulations F6 formulation which contain HPMC K4M 300mg and Eudragit L-100 60mg had shown 94% cumulative drug release with in 12 hours and compared to HPMC K15M, HPMC K4M showed better drug release profile. For F6 formulation release kinetics were plotted and the Regression coefficient value was found to be high for Korsmeyer-peppas release model i.e., 0.9892. The n value was found to be 0.6203 which indicates the drug release pattern was found to be non-Fickian diffusion.

Due to rapid changes in the population and jump in the community life style including development have led to the degradation of natural water system. Lentic water tanks are most important and traditional natural water tanks in our surrounds. They have been widely utilized by mankind over the centuries. Channarayapatna water body was chosen for a water quality analysis since currently this water tank is receiving sewage from the around the area and altering status of the water body due to anthropogenic and agricultural activity. We have found a general relationship between trophic status of a water body and the aquatic plants present there. In the present study indicates, the quality is altering due to presence of various aquatic plants and also these are indicating as indicator. The present study was carried out to estimate the parameter like physical and chemical characteristics in water in Channarayapatna water body, Hassan District, Karnataka of India from January to December 2014. The trophic status was assessed by using multi variate indices and also results are correlated with seasonal changes in the water quality. The contents of temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen were recorded maximum and minimum in the present study were: 26.0-35.0; 25.0-33.5; 8.0-35.0; 7.2-8.2 and 2.8-5.5 respectively. The ranges of nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate were: 5.2-14.3; 0.8-3.2; 0.3-2.20 and 0.2-0.8 respectively. The present investigation indicates that the two water bodies are in moderate Eutrophic condition during the study period (January, 2011 to December, 2014).

Discovery of new nanostructures like carbon nanospheres are predicted to be a huge impact on applications of memory devices. In this paper Carbon nanospheres were grown on thin film nickel catalyst using thermal chemical vapour deposition. Different temperature was used to study the growth of nanospheres; Acetylene and Argon was used as precursors. Prior that nickel film was deposited on silicon substrate by using e-beam evaporation techniques. The prepared nickel film was annealed at different temperatures and it characterized by atomic force microscopy. It’s indicated the when temperature increased film roughness is also increasing. After preparation of carbon nanospheres were studied by Scanning electron microscopy and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The growth carbon nanospheres were not in uniform size at 800°C. At the temperature of 850°C and 900°C shows the tower and agglomerated spheres. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis confirms the carbon and nickel elements. Growth mechanism was also discussed.

Ethnomedicinal plants are considered recent resources for producing agents that could act as alternatives to antibiotics in remedy of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. As we know, there is no documented proof on antibacterial activities of Stevia rebaudiana (S. rebaudiana) alcoholic extract against Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) in west of Iran ( in Kermanshah). As a screen test to detect antibacterial properties of the extract, agar disk and agar well diffusion methods were employed. Macro broth tube test was performed to specify MIC. The results of agar disk and agar well diffusion tests indicated SR have inhibited the growth of B. subtilis. Also in many of samples by increasing the concentration of SR, the inhibition zone increased. The MIC and MBC values were 0.125 g/ml for SR. Thus, the research represents the antibacterial effects of the medical herb against bacterium. The results indicate the fact that the extract from the plant can be useful as medicinal or preservatives composition.

Undoped and Nickel Nitrate (Ni2+) and Zinc Nitrate (Zn2+) doped Bis Thiourea Zinc Acetate (BTZA) single crystals were grown by cost effective Slow Evaporation Solution Growth. The grown crystals were subjected to various characterization techniques. The structure of the crystals was confirmed by single crystal x-ray diffraction. Powder x-ray diffraction analysis confirms the absence of multiple phases in the crystal and it suggests that the crystalline nature of the samples remain unaltered even after the addition of the dopants. The spectral properties were assessed by FTIR spectral analysis. The amount of dopant incorporated in the parent crystal was revealed by the inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES) studies. Optical characters were analyzed by UV-Vis spectral studies. Mechanical properties of the doped and undoped crystals were evaluated by Vicker’s Micro hardness study. SHG studies confirm that Ni2+and Zn2+doped BTZA crystal is a potential candidate for NLO applications.