Semi organic Cadmium Thiosemicarbazide crystals were grown by conventional slow evaporation solution growth method. The linear and nonlinear optical parameters were examined by UV-Visible-NIR spectral analysis and SHG efficiency test respectively. The SHG results suggest that the title material is phase matchable. The third order nonlinear optical studies were evaluated by z-scan test and it was found that the material is self-defocusing nature. The results suggest that the material can be used as an optical limiter for safeguarding human eyes from harmful radiations.

Gastro retentive drug delivery system is novel method to enhancing bioavailability of narrow absorption window drugs. This technique is applied in many of the compounds like antibiotics and drugs treating helicobacter infection. Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, it active against both Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria. Ciprofloxacin have more absorption in stomach, so this drug will get more benefit to make as floating tablet. This present study describes formulation and evaluation of gastrorentive ciprofloxacin floating tablet, it was fabricate with different concentration of two polymers of different grades. The formulated tablets were evaluated in different parameters like hardness, friability, weight uniformity, buoyancy, swelling index and dissolution release profile. The best formulation is selected on the basis of buoyancy, gastro retardation and uniform drug release profile. In this research work formulation F 3 fulfills all the testing parameters in terms of pre and post compression.

Nowadays majority of world population rely on the plant preparations as medicines to cure diseases, as they are considered safe and as effective as allopathic preparations without any side effects. Spices are plant products having aroma. They are mainly used during cooking to impart flavor and taste to the dish. They also possess medicinal values. The present study was designed to evaluate the individual and combined antimicrobial activity of clove, cumin and turmeric against Gram positive and Gram negative pathogenic bacteria viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae using ethanolic extracts. Among all extracts tested, the combined extracts showed inhibition zones ranging from 13 to 34 mm in diameters and the diameters of inhibition zones of individual extracts from different spices ranging from 12 to 22 mm against tested bacteria. The combined extract of clove and cumin was found to be most effective in inhibiting the microbial growth among tested drugs. The results confirmed that the combinations of extracts provide additive/synergistic inhibitory effects making them more effective as antimicrobial agents.

The aim of the present research is to formulate and evaluate the gastroretentive floating tablets of antihypertensive drug, Eprosartan mesilate. Gastroretentive floating tablets (GRFT) were prepared by using a synthetic and natural polymers like hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose in different grades (HPMC E15 and K15), Carbopol (934P and 940P), ethyl cellulose and natural polymers like guar gum, xanthan gum, karaya gum, chitosan and sodium alginate as release retarding polymers with sodium bicarbonate with citric acid as gas generating agent along with microcrystalline cellulose as diluent, talc and magnesium stearate as lubricant and glidant by direct compression method. The prepared tablets were evaluated for various pre-compression and post-compression parameters like thickness, hardness, weight variation, friability, In vitro buoyancy, swelling studies, In vitro dissolution studies and release mechanism studies. From the dissolution and buoyancy studies, E7 was selected as an optimized formulation. The optimized formulation followed zero order rate kinetics with non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. The final optimized formulation was performed with FTIR studies and observed no interaction between the drug and the polymers.

Background: Plasmodium vivax is a protozoal parasite and a human pathogen. The most frequent and widely distributed cause of recurring (Benign tertian) malaria, P. vivax is one of the six species of malaria parasites that commonly infect humans. Justification: Vivax malaria is usually associated with severe symptoms in children under 5 years that may lead to severe complications. Objectives: To know the prevalence of P.vivax among the selected group of children in Alnohood, western kordofan state. Methodology: Blood specimens were collected from 80 children and examined by parasitological and Immunochromatographic techniques. Result: 3.75% of participants were positive for vivax malaria. Conclusion: They study showed low prevalence of vivax malaria in Alnohood town, western Kordofan state. Recommendations: Another studies should be conducted with large sample size. Acknowledgement: Many thanks to the families of all participants in this study.