For both its medicinal and non-medicinal uses, the Moringa oleifera tree sometimes called the "tree of life" or the "miracle tree" is a significant herbal plant. Wounds, discomfort, ulcers, inflammation, cancer, heart disease and liver illness are all traditionally treated with this herb. Pharmacological investigations have shown that plant extracts have anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective properties. It was discovered that all parts of the plant contain bioactive components. Alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, vitamins, glycosides and terpenes are among the over a hundred chemicals isolated from Moringa oleifera. Furthermore, the plant contains new isomers with powerful antioxidant, anticancer, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective and nutritional properties; these include muramoside A and B, niazimin A and B. This review acknowledges the many uses of Moringa, both conventional and alternative, as well as its pharmacological properties, nutrition and other uses. Hence, additional research is needed to delve into the plant's mechanism of action in order to discover and separate the active or synergistic chemicals responsible for its medicinal properties.

The phytochemical sulforaphane (SF) has anticarcinogenic and anticancer properties. A number of cancer-related processes are regulated by SF. These include sensitivity to carcinogens, cell cycle, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. In order to promote additional study on this significant chemical and to aid in the identification and development of new phytochemicals for cancer prevention, we summarise its history of discovery and development as a cancer chemopreventive agent. Sulforaphane, which is already present in plants as glucoraphanin, is converted into it by the β-thioglucosidase enzyme myrosinase, which can be found in either plant tissue or the microbiome of mammals. More than three thousand articles have detailed its effectiveness in rodent disease models, underlying mechanisms of action, or fifty clinical trials investigating pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, or disease mitigation since it was initially isolated from broccoli and shown to have cancer chemoprotective characteristics in rats in the early 1990s. Research on the relationships between formulation (e.g., plants, sprouts, beverages, supplements), bioavailability and efficacy, as well as the doses of glucoraphanin and/or sulforaphane utilised in pre-clinical and clinical studies, is summarised in this review. Concerning the selection of dosage and manner of administration in particular, we highlight the difficulties associated with better integrating animal model and clinical investigations. Human biomarkers of pharmacodynamic activity need to be developed and validated and the underlying mechanisms of action need to be better understood.

Sunscreen spray formulations have gained significant attention due to their ease of application, uniform spreading and improved user compliance compared to conventional lotions and creams. These formulations are designed to provide broad-spectrum protection against UVA and UVB radiation while ensuring a lightweight, non-greasy skin feel. Modern sunscreen sprays incorporate advanced carriers such as nanoemulsions, liposomes and polymeric systems to enhance photostability, skin penetration and water resistance. They also improve the dispersion of UV filters, resulting in increased Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and reduced white cast. The evaluation of sunscreen sprays involves assessing physicochemical properties, droplet size distribution, spray pattern, SPF value (in vitro orin vivo), rheology and stability under different environmental conditions. However, challenges such as aerosol safety, propellant selection, potential inhalation risks and regulatory limitations must be addressed to ensure product efficacy and consumer safety. Overall, sunscreen spray formulations represent a promising, consumer-friendly approach for effective photoprotection, supported by advancements in formulation science and nanotechnology.