Diabetic foot ulceration poses a heavy burden on the patient and the healthcare system, but prevention thereof receives little attention. In preclinical and clinical trials, stem cell treatment has surfaced as a novel interventional approach for treating DFU and it seems to be both safe and effective. Autologous stem cells and Analogous stem cells are the majorly used cell types. Autologous stem cells are derived from Blood, Bone and Tissue. Analogous stem cells are derived from Embryo, umbilical cord and placenta. The Wound Healing Society (WHS) released treatment guidelines for DFUs in 2006. The WHS DFU recommendations aim to clarify contentious diagnosis and treatment approaches, identify areas in need of more research and conduct a systematic review of the medical literature to support physicians in their decision-making.

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have revolutionized the way therapeutic agents are administered, offering improved patient compliance, controlled release rates and avoidance of the first-pass effect. However, the bioavailability of these systems is often limited by the skin's natural barrier function, which hinders the permeation of medicinally active ingredients. Permeation enhancers play a crucial role in overcoming this limitation by increasing the permeability of the skin, thereby enhancing the bioavailability of transdermally delivered drugs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of permeation enhancers in TDDSs, including their mechanisms of action, classification, and applications. The review also discusses challenges along with opportunities that surround using things that help medications permeate through skin devices. Improving efficacy along with safety is definitely what permeation enhancers are working for when it comes to topical delivery systems.