Enalapril is a prodrug belonging to the angiotensin - converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drug that works on the renin- angiotensin aldosterone system, which is responsible for the regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte homeostasis. Enalapril is an orally active and long acting non sulphydryl antihypertensive agent that suppresses the renin- angiotensin aldosterone system to cover blood pressure. Enalapril maleate of W/O/W multiple emulsion was prepared by 2 step emulsification technique using different non-ionic surfactants (span 40, span 60, span 80, tween 80). Fourier transform infrared compliance as showed the good results in all formulations. The formulation F3 showed that best result from the study conducted and was found that no interaction between drug and surfactants. It is concluded that as the increase in droplet size and decrease in the percentage entrapment efficiency. The formulation F3 showed the highest percentage of cumulative drug release and optimized to be the best formulation.

The major barrier faced by today's pharmacologists and formulation scientists is ocular drug delivery. The topical eye drop is the most convenient route of drug administration, especially for the treatment of anterior segment diseases. On the other hand, for posterior ocular delivery, research has been immensely focused on the development of drug-releasing devices and nanoformulations for treating chronic vitreoretinal diseases. These novel devices or formulations may help to surpass ocular problems and associated side effects with conventional topical drops.

Dental caries, a persistent ailment is specific amongst human and is one of the maximum not unusual place critical worldwide oral fitness issues with inside the global today. It is the destruction of dental tough a cellular tissue via way of means of acidic with the aid of using-merchandise from the bacterial fermentation of nutritional carbohydrates mainly sucrose. It progresses slowly in maximum of the humans which ends up from an ecological imbalance with inside the equilibrium among enamel minerals and oral biofilms that is characterized through microbial activity, ensuing in fluctuations in plaque pH because of bacterial acid production, buffering motion from saliva and the encompassing teeth shape. It is stated to be one of the oldest and maximum not unusual place illnesses located in humans. Dental caries is a regular continual infectious sickness because of enamel-adherent carcinogenic microorganism that metabolize sugars to provide acid, which beyond regular time demineralizes enamel shape.

Niosomes are a novel and efficient drug delivery carrier. These are non-ionic surfactant vesicles obtained by hydrating mixture of cholesterol and nonionic surfactants. It can be utilized to transport both amphiphilic and lipophyilic drugs. The drug is enclosed in niosomal vesicle which is made up with non ionic surfactance. Niosomes are flexible in their structural characterization, biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-immunogenic. The liposome are the most commonly used bilayer vesicular system, however due to some shortcoming such as limited shelf- life, high formulation cost, susceptibility to oxidation and economy it is necessary to develop the better vesicular structure which is free from the all limitations. Whereas Niosomes ideally a bilayer vesicles structure which over come from all this limitations. Niosomes proved to be a promising drug carrier and has potential to reduce the side effects of drugs and increased therapeutic effectiveness in various disease. These have great drug delivery potential for targeted delivery of anti-cancer, anti-infective agents and for topical application. The mean objective of this review article is to acknowledge the structure, advantages, disadvantage, components of niosomes, preparation method, applications and marketed products of niosomes.

Transdermal patches are presently broadly utilized as superficial, effective and transdermal conveyance frameworks. These patches address a vital result from the development in skin science, innovation and mastery created through experimentation, clinical perception and proof-based examinations that date back to the principal existing human records. This survey starts with the earliest skin treatments and follows skin conveyance to the present-day transdermal patches, portraying En route the underlying preliminaries, gadgets and medication conveyance frameworks that support current transdermal patches and their actives. This is trailed by the thought of the advancement in the different fix plans and their impediments as well as necessities for actives to be utilized for transdermal conveyance. The properties of and issues related with the utilization of right now showcased items, like changeability, wellbeing and administrative angles, are then depicted. The expression "transdermal" was first utilized in 1944 by Merriam Webster, showing that it is a moderately new thought in restorative and pharmacological practice. Transdermal drugs are portions that are independent and unmistakable. To create a foundational outcome, drugs are conveyed through the skin. Without causing any progressions in the medication's plasma focus Skin utilization of restorative drugs has various benefits. There are various benefits to this procedure of medication conveyance over conventional oral and intrusive methodologies. Thus, different substances and actual ways to deal with transdermal fix are being explored.