The aim of this article is to focus on buccal patches. Buccal route found to be more suitable for the delivery of pharmaceutical agents using mucoadhesive polymers due to presence of relative lystatic and smooth surface on which various mucoadhesive dosage forms can be placed. The mucosa of buccal cavity is the most easily accessible transmucosal site delivery help to bypass first-pass metabolism by allowing direct access to systemic circulation. Buccal patch have been become an interesting area of novel drug delivery system as the dosage forms designed for buccal administration should not cause irritation and should be small and flexible enough to be accepted by the patient. Buccal delivery medication gives a convenient route of administration for both local and systemic effects. This presents a brief description the study of buccal patches and include its introduction, types of buccal patches, advantages, limitation, anatomical structure of oral mucosa, potential uses of buccal patches, polymer used, methods of preparation, evaluation.

Carrier technology provides an interesting as well as an intelligent approach for the delivery of drug. It provides delivery of drug by interacting the drug to a carrier particle such as microspheres, nanoparticles, liposomes, etc. Microspheres play an important part of the micro particulate drug delivery system because of their small size and other efficient properties. Mucoadhesive microspheres give better drug absorption because of adherence to the mucosal surface and release the drug for a prolonged period. It is an ideal targeting system with high safety profile. This review article gives the information about mucoadhesion, polymers used in mucoadhesive microspheres, number of available methods of preparation of mucoadhesive microspheres.

To improve dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs and hence improving their bioavailability, solid state carrier is used for the dispersion of one or more active pharmaceutical ingredient. This procedure is known as solid dispersion. It has hold remarkable interest as an efficient means of enhancing the dissolution rate. It occurs because of dispersion of inadequately water-soluble drugs with water-dissolvable bearers. Solubility behaviour of drug is one of the challenging aspects in the formulation development. The poorly water soluble compounds number has increased. Comparing with formulations like tablets or capsules which are conventional, solid dispersions formulated by various methods can be used, as they have many benefits over the above conventional dosage form. For the preparation of solid dispersion, there are certain aspects that are to be considered such as; selection of carrier, selection of solvent and methods of physicochemical characterization. In this review, an accentuation is put on solubility, different kind of solid dispersion techniques, mechanism to improve dissolution in solid dispersion, characterization, advantages, disadvantages and the applications of the solid dispersion.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered, new strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Most of the persons infected with the COVID-19 virus are found to develop mild to moderate respiratory illness. The disease has been characterized as a pandemic. The geriatrics and the person having medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. How to prevent and control the transmission is well stated about the COVID-19 virus also it’s causes and therapy. The infection can be protected by washing hands or using an alcohol based rub frequently and not touching to eyes or face. When an infected person coughs or sneezes, the virus spread out through droplets of saliva or from nose. Hence, wearing face masks to cover the face is highly necessary to modulate the infection. The anti-viral drugs (Favipiravir-200mg and Remdesivir-100mg IV infusion) recently have declared as treatment for the virus. As no specific assured vaccines are researched out against COVID-19, it is better to control the community spread for which general public as well as the Government authorities must come forward.

During the pandemic COVID-19, all over India the Government of India has declared lockdown and since then all higher education institutions are closed down. All stakeholders from education industry such as students, teachers, management and parents were in dilemma about completion of syllabus, conducting internal evaluation exams as well as semester End College and university examinations. Students and parents are worried about their exams, declaration of results and even about new academic year. However the management of the colleges and university authorities have issued circulars following the guidelines of the UGC to complete the academic activities. In period of Lockdown colleges and universities have instructed their teachers to conduct classes and assignments, research guidance, class test online. Even guidance and counselling cells are established and sent it to the students and parents. Committees are established to provide guidance on examination related matters. The teachers are engaged in conducting online classes and even attending webinars, e-workshops and training using various video conferencing apps and learning management system tools. The online teaching learning approach has gained importance and plays an important role in the education field during this pandemic as well as it will be used post COVID-19 period. In this context, the researcher has made an attempt to study Perception of teachers on online teaching- Learning Approach during COVID-19 and Post COVID-19 in Mumbai.