The aim of the study was to see the incidence of medication errors in the hospitalised patients of a tertiary care hospital. Medication error may be defined as “Any avertable event that may cause or lead to in appropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient and consumer”. This was a prospective observational study conducted for a period of 10 months in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 245 patients were enrolled in the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each patient was with one medication error. Females were more in the study with 56%. Majority of the medication errors were done by nurses followed by doctors. Errors were more in the general medicine department. Out of 245 medication errors combination of errors were seen in 59 patients which was highest in number followed by prescribing error, omission error, wrong drug error etc. The major consequence of medication error observed was no harm to the patients. Although there is no harm to the majority of the patients, the incidence of medication errors gives an alarming signal to the prescribers and other health care professionals to prevent errors.

Diabetes (otherwise known as diabetes mellitus, DM) is described as a metabolic disorder in which the body cannot properly store and use the energy found in food. Diabetes is a condition that affects the body's ability to use glucose (a type of sugar) as fuel. Glucose is a form of carbohydrate that comes from foods such as breads, cereals, pasta, rice, potatoes, fruits and some vegetables. Glucose is also synthesized in the liver and is carried in the blood to the rest of the body to fuel cellular processes. Generally insulin is required for the generation of glucose in to cells. Insulin is secreted by pancreas and it regulates production of glucose. Human dody require 120-180 mg/dl of glucose to regulate body functions. While during the selection of anti-diabetic drugs mainly focus on range of glucose levels at present, age, body weight and mental condition of the person as well as some other factors. Type 1 Diabetes mellitus is a disorder caused by the insufficient generation of insulin. Which must be injected or inhaled. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a disease of insulin resistance by cells. Treatments include agents which increase the amount of insulin secreted by the pancreas, agents which increase the sensitivity of target organs to insulin, and agents which decrease the rate at which glucose is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Persistently elevated blood glucose may lead to a diagnosis of prediabetes or diabetes. Prediabetes describes the condition of person and his mental status.

The sector of nanotechnology now has important roles in electronics, biology and medicinal drug. The most rising branch in pharmaceutical sciences known as "Pharmaceutical nanotechnology" introduces new instruments, openings and extension, which are required to have huge applications in sickness diagnostics and therapeutics. Nano technological application is significantly vital within the subject of drug because of its excessive specificity towards the target, so it is able to reduce toxic aspect results of medicine to normal cells. Decrease plasma variance of medications, high dissolvability, proficiency, lessens cost of items and upgrade of tolerance comfort are reasons that nanotechnology is utilized for sedate conveyance. The nanoparticle (NP) assumes an imperative part and it can conjugate with different medications by various strategies to convey medications to the objective site. The NP surface is designed with ligands to get affinity closer to precise cells and co-polymers to get safety from immune cells. The nanoparticles conjugated drug can eventually recognize the site and join to the target and enter to the cell by receptor mediated endocytosis. Then NPs are able to release drugs controllably to cure diseases. In this review specifically, we highlight the recent advances of this technology for medicine and drug delivery systems.

Siddha system of medicine is one of the traditional Indian medicines. Siddha system includes herbs, minerals, metallic salts and animal products. Korosanai Maathrai is a herbo-mineral siddha medicine mentioned in our siddha literature indicated for rhinitis, epilepsy, sleeplessness, constipation, functional dyspepsia, indigestion, fever of unknown origin, uncomfortable desire to empty the bowel. In this study Korosanai Maathrai was investigated for analysis of microbial load and antimicrobial potential against enteric pathogens like salmonella species, E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, proteus vulgaris using cup plate method. The study result concluded that the analysis of microbial load and anti-microbial activity of Korosanai Maathirai.

Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using fungi as an environmentally benign approach is of prime interest due to the vast rate of applications of these nanoparticles and due to the excellent fermentation characteristics of fungi. Aspergillus carneus was selected in a preliminary screening of twenty fungal species isolated from the Egyptian soil. The zinc oxide nano-colloidal solution of this fungus revealed a characteristic turbid yellow color with absorption intense peak at 310 nm. The fungus reached its highest yield of the nanoparticles when its mycelium formed on Sabouraud's medium was contacted with 1mM solution of zinc nitrate adjusted at pH 9 under submerged conditions after 24 h at 30oC. The biosynthesized ZnO NPs showed quasi-spherical shape from the high resolution-transmission electron micrograph. The biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were confirmed to have an antibacterial activity against four different human pathogenic bacteria.