The era of nanotechnology is fast approaching. Virtually unheard of two decades, all disciplines will be impacted by advances in nanotechnology in near future. Growing interest in the future medical applications of nanotechnology is leading to the emergence of a new field called nanomedicine - the science and technology of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease and traumatic injury, of relieving pain, and of preserving and improving human health, using nanoscale-structured materials, biotechnology and genetic engineering, and eventually complex molecular machine systems and nanorobots. Similarly, development of “nanodentistry” will make possible the maintenance of near-perfect oral health through the use of nanomaterials. The present article is a review, which describes about the potential use of nanotechhnology in the field of periodontics therapy.

The present research work was to formulate and evaluate the oral fast disintegrating tablets of sumatriptan succinate of dose 25 mg an anti-migraine drug. The tablets are prepared by direct compression method. The formulations was optimized by incorporating varying composition of Carboxy methyl cellulose (Avicel PH 102) mannitol as diluent, crospovidone as superdisintegrants magnesium stearate as lubricant, Micro crystaline cellulose as a glidant. All the excipients are tested for compatability with model drug, which revealed that there was no physical and chemical interaction occurred. The preformulation parameters analyzed for prepared tablet blend before compression. The thickness, hardness, friability, weight variation, disintegration time and drug content uniformity was evaluated for tablets. The effect of these variables on drug release also studied. The In-Vitro drug release studied were Performed in Schimadzu dissolution apparatus using phosphate buffer of pH 6.8 as dissolution media at 50 rpm speed and temperature of 37±5°C the sampling was done at periodic time intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 minutes and was replaced by equal volume of dissolution media after each withdrawal and the amount of drug released was estimated by using UV-Spectrophotometer at 228nm. All the formulations showed low weight variation with disintegration and wetting time less than three minutes and rapid in vitro dissolution. The present study demonstrated potentials for rapid absorption, improved bioavailability, effective therapy and patient compliance.

The ethanolic extract of Stereospermum suaveolens (ESS) was carried out with the help of Soxhlet apparatus. The total phenolic contents of extract was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method using spectrophotometer and flavonoid contents was measured by aluminium chloride colorimetric assay. The muscle co-ordination potential was determined by using rotarod apparatus and digital actophotometer in mice. he total phenolic contents (TPC) in the extract using the standard calibration curveof gallic acid was found to be found to be 38.5mgGAE/g and that of total flavonoid contents (TFC) by using quercetin was quantified 26.1 mg QE/g of extract. Similarly, ethanolic extract 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant dose dependent muscle coordination activity using rotarod apparatus and actophotometer. Treatment with extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg showed maximum significant (p<0.001) decreased fall off time (101.2 s) as compared to control. Further, extract at a dose 400 mg/kg showed maximum 19.14% and 69.77% reduction in the locomotor activity after 30 and 60 min of administration when compared with control group using acophotometer. Thus, the ethanolic extract of Stereospermum suaveolenscontains high extent of phenolics and flavonoids and has significant centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant activity.

The present work focusses on the general ecological investigation on phytoplankton population dynamics in terms of species composition and density atselected water tank in and around the Hospet city, Bellary district, and Karnataka state. A total of 70 phytoplankton taxa were identified and four classes namely Bacillariophyceae (41), Chlorophyceae (12) and Cyanophyceae (10) and Euglenophyceae (7). The same trends were observed in terms of percentage with decreasing order Bacillariophyceae contributing 56%, followed by Chlorophyceae, (20%); Cyanophyceae (17 %) and Euglenophyceae (7 %). The dominance pattern of species in the population dynamics were Diatoma sp. ˃ Navicula radiosa ˃ Fragilariforma virescens ˃ Fragilaria capucina ˃ Navicula angusta ˃Amphora ovalis among Bacillariphyceae, Cosmarium monomazum ˃ Spirogyra sp. ˃ Pediastrum biradiatum among Chlorophyceae, Oscillatoria limosa ˃ Phormidium mucosum ˃ Anabaena torulosa among Cyanophyceae and Euglena acus ˃ Phacus suecicia among Euglenophyceae. Maximum species richness was recorded 7.73 Margalef’s index (R1) at station D1 during pre-monsoon season and 1.16 Menhinick index (R2) at station D3 during post-monsoon season, minimum Species richness was recorded 7.24 Margalef’s index (R1) at station D2 during pre-monsoon season and 1.09 Menhinick index (R2) at station D3 during pre-monsoon season. Maximum species diversity was recorded 0.05 Simpson’s index (λ) at station D1 during the entire study, minimum species diversity was recorded 0.03 Simpson’s index (λ) at station D3 during the study period. Maximum of 2.86 Shannon - Weiner index (H’) at station D2 during post monsoon season and minimum of 2.42 Shannon - Weiner index (H’) at station D2 during pre-monsoon season. Maximum species evenness was recorded at stations D1 and D3 during post-monsoon season, minimum species evenness was recorded at station D1 during pre-monsoon season. The study also indicates Daroji tank is subjected to pollution due to addition of vehicular pollution and fertilizers from agricultural lands including domestic waste from the human habitation. This indicates the enrichment of water with nutrients leads to production of species, which in turn leads to the increased productivity and other undesirable biotic changes.

The study is to formulate and evaluate bosentan floating microspheres using different polymers i.e. Sodium alginate, Xanthum gum and Gum karaya in different ratios. Bosentan is a dual endothelin receptor antagonist important in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), with an bioavailability of less than 50%. Bosentan monohydrate has maximum absorption in stomach region. Therefore, in the present study an attempt as been made to formulate Bosentan floating microsphers which can be expected to pro long the gastric residence time of active compounds and reduce the variability of transit. They are capable of increasing the bioavailability of drugs that are mainly absorbed in the upper gastro intestinal tract. For that purpose, drug release has to be controlled. For the formulation, three bio compatible polymers Sodium alginate, Guargum and Gum karaya were chosen in varying proportions with the drug. Iono tropic gelation method was used to prepare microspheres employing different solvent to dissolve the drug and the polymer. The prepared formulations were characterized for their percentage yield, micro meritic properties, morphology, buoyancy studies, drug entrapment, drug release studies. Percentage Drug entrapment efficiency of F1 to F3 ranges from 62 to 89% for microspheres containing Soldium alginate as polymer, formulations F4 to F6 ranges from 56 to 92% for microspheres containing Guar gum as polymer and formulations F7 to F9 ranges from 67 to 82% for microspheres containing gum karaya as polymer. Almost all the formulations showed fairly acceptable values for all the parameters evaluated.