Recombinant Enfuvirtide is a 36 amino acid peptide which is the first class of drug in fusion inhibitor class. It has antiviral activity against HIV-1 strains at the target site. Enfuvirtide acts through selective inhibition of fusion of the virus with CD4 expressing cells, thus preventing the entry of HIV-RNA into target cells, precluding the initiation of the reverse transcription process and replication cycle of the virus. The present study was performed to investigate the single-dose toxicity of recombinant Enfuvirtide on Swiss Albino Mice. The test compound was administered at 10 times the intended therapeutic dose to two groups of mice (10 (5M+5F)) intravenously (IV) subcutaneously (SC). Likewise, control groups were administered with vehicle control. All the animals were observed for a period of 14 days for mortality and morbidity along with signs of toxicity. At the end of the experimental period, it was found that the single 10X dose administration (IV and SC) of recombinant Enfuvirtide does not exerted any toxic effects in Swiss Albino Mice. No pre-terminal mortality and morbidity were observed during the experimental period. No changes were observed in behavioral pattern, clinical signs, food intake, body weights and organ weights. Further histopathological examination revealed normal architecture and no significant toxic effects observed on vital organs.

K. Navajyothi*, Sananazneen, Nowziya Begum, Mohammad Fazeel Ahmed, K. Ramadevi, N. Shivakrishna, K. Sravani

The goal of the drug therapy is to achieve a steady state blood level that is therapeutically effective for an extended period. Targeted drug delivery where a drug carrier complex/conjugate delivers drug exclusively to the pre-identified targeted cells in a specific manner. The targeting methods may be classified as chemical methods, by covalent bonding and physical methods. Chemical methods consists of chemical modification of the parent compound to a derivative, which was activated only at the target site. Various physical methods made use of the carriers such as liposomes, niosomes, erythrocytes, platelets, magnetic microspheres, nanoparticles, and monoclonal anti-bodies. There is an enhancement in the activity due to increased surface area that would directly increase the absorption of the drug and hence enhanced bioavailability can be achieved. This review will focus onto the key properties of nanoparticles, their methods of preparation and its application in medicine, diagnostics and pharmaceutical industry. The review will also focus on the surface chemistry of the nanoparticle, which may interact with a range of molecules. It concludes that the nanoparticles emerge of great importance because of their unique surface characteristics and variability of applications.

Human telomerase fundamentally comprises of two principle segments: a catalytic subunit, hTERT, and a RNA template, hTR whose arrangement is complimentary to the telomeric 5ˈ-dTTAGGG-3ˈ repeat. In individuals, activity of telomerase is ordinarily limited to renewing tissues, for example, germ cells and stem cells, and is commonly missing in ordinary cells. Whereas hTR is constitutively communicated in most tissue types, hTERT expression levels are low enough that telomere length can't be kept up, that sets a proliferative lifetime on ordinary cells. Telomerase is a beneficial and specific target either by inhibition or activation. The development of telomerase inhibitors for cancer treatment is a major field of study. By inhibiting telomerase, it is possible to kill cancerous cells while limiting toxicity to neighbouring normal cells. While telomerase activation is currently being studied for use in immunodeficient patients to stimulate proliferation of T cells as well as in regenerative medicine and a treatment to combat the signs and symptoms of aging.

Applying plant communities diversity techniques and SPSS statistic analysis, we quantify how that the relationship between (Sophora japonica) tree community’s height and elevation along elevation gradient in Ye County in the paper. We concluded that there is a significantly positive correlation between (Sophora japonica) tree community’s height and elevation (P<0.01). Elevation is the dominant environment driver of (Sophora japonica) tree community’s height increased along elevation from 50m to 200m in Ye County in 2018. Therefore, understanding dynamic connecting of (Sophora japonica) community’s height and elevation can be not just applied to preserve of (Sophora japonica) communities, but also applied to sustainable of biodiversity and community’s processes along elevation gradient.