Herbal medicine, as a major part of traditional medicine, has been used in medical practice since antiquity and is a common element of ayurvedic, homeopathic, and naturopathic medicine. Ksheerabala oil with its nurturing, cooling and carming blend form an excellent nervine tonic, with anti inflammatory, antirheumatic and analgesic properties.The present investigation involves the preparation and evaluation of gel formulations of microspheres Ksheerabala oil using different gelling agent.Six different formulae were prepared and characterized physically in term of color, syneresis, spreadability, and pH. The results showed that the F6 formula with Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose as gelling agent shows comparatively good physical property.

The aim of present work is to develop Diclofenac sodium loaded biocompatible microspheres to reduce the dosing frequency, Gastro intestinal side effects and hence to improve patient compliance.The microspheres were prepared by emulsion –thermal cross –linking process at two different drug: polymer ratios Diclofenac sodium (DS), is a potent drug in the NSAID group having non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory properties and is widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Diclofenac sodium with its low oral bioavailability and short plasma half life is an ideal candidate for formulation as a sustained release drug delivery system.The prepared microspheres were evaluated for particle size, drug entrapment efficiency (EE) and in vitro drug release study.The mean particle sizes were found to be 27.71µm and 32.30 µm. The result reveals that the particle size and EE increases as the polymer content in the formulation increases.The values of cumulative percentage of drug released during 7 hours for F1, drug: polymer ratio – 1:10 was 75% and for F2, drug:polymer ratio – 1:15 was 58%. The increase in polymer concentration prolonged the release of drug from the microspheres with a sustained release pattern.

In the presence of medicinal plants, the activity of the electrolyte in cells would affect the body. In this experimental study , which lasted four weeks of treatment and one week without treatment, in vivo assessment of serum electrolytes (Ca²⁺ , K⁺ , Na⁺ and Cl^-) rabbits treated with an aqueous extract from Phyllanthus amarus were determined . After rabbits being treated intra peritoneally with various doses ranging from 0 to 100 mg/kg of body weight, sera obtained were compared with those of control subjects (normal values). Following this, the results show statistically significant changes for the effect of doses of the injected product with Ca²⁺ and the effect of product exposure time with Na⁺ and K⁺. These different manifestations of electrolytes in the presence of aqueous extracts from Phyllanthus amarus would affect the activity of cells with effects on vital organs such as the heart, the kidney and the liver. This could confirm the effects of aqueous extracts from Phyllanthus amarus in some treatments such as diabetes and high blood pressure.

Hanta viruses are emerging rodent borne viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever in human. The symptoms are enhanced vascular permeability, thrombocytopenia and plasma leakage. One of the target organs of hanta virus induces hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and an infection often results in acute renal failure. The diagnosis rests on serologic evidence. Maintenance of BP and treatment of renal or respiratory insufficiency is indicated. The lack of vaccines and a specific antiviral therapy renders the prevention of infection as the only way to decrease the emergence of Hantaviruses cases. This paper reveals about the hantavirus infection and its effects on kidney in brief.

The objective of the study is to formulate and evaluate enteric coated sustained release tablets of didanosine. Tablets were formulated by wet granulation technique using different ratio of polymers such as ethyl cellulose std 100 FP, ethyl cellulose med 70 P, ethyl cellulose med 50 P. Different ratios of polymers were selected to achieve suitable lag time for the treatment of AIDS. Tablets were evaluated for physical characteristics, thickness, friability, weight variation, hardness, drug content uniformity and in vitro drug release for 24 hrs. Among all formulations, the formulation of enteric coated sustained release of didanosine (FESRTD-1) has been showed better sustained release of dosage forms.

The aim of the study was to develop sustained release tablets of Metronidazole using HPMC K₄M, HPMC K100 and Eudragit S100 as polymers. Metronidazole is used for the treatment of amoebiasis and bacterial infections. The tablets were prepared by using direct compression method. The prepared tablets were evaluated in the terms of their precompression studies, hardness test, thickness test, weight variation test, friability test, invitro study and stability studies. The results of the study showed that formulation FMSR-7 is best compared with other formulations. The most satisfactory formulation was compared with marketed sample and also stable during stability studies conducted for 60 days as per ICH guidelines. The bioequivalence study result was showed FMSR-7 formulation is best. It showed no significant changes in the physicochemical parameters and in vitro release of drug.

Diureticis a substance that promotes the production of urine. All diuretics increase the excretion of water from bodies. In general, diuretics are used to treat heart failure, liver cirrhosis, hypertensionand certain kidney diseases. They are classified into High ceiling or Loop diuretic, Thiazides, Carbonic-anhydrase inhibitors, Potassium-sparing diuretics, Calcium-sparing diuretics, Osmotic diuretics and Low ceiling diuretics. The main adverse effects of diuretics are hypovolemia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, metabolic alkalosis, metabolic acidosisand hyperuricemia. Siddha system is a unique Indian System of Medicine which is followed by the people of South India giving promising results in managing diseases like Renal failure, Renal calculi, Liver failure, Hypertension etc. The aim of this review is to highlight the work on diuretics of Siddha plant origin. Many Siddha herbs have diuretic property and also lithotriptic, hepato-protective and haematinics which also related to diuresis. The use of safety Siddha herbal products in healthcare is growing because of society’s interest. This review may give a good reference in selection of medicinal plant for diuretics.

The formulation of poorly soluble compounds for oral delivery at present is one of the most frequent and greatest challenges to formulation scientists in the pharmaceutical industry. Omeprazole magnesium comes under class II of BCS classification which means low solubility and high permeability. Cefixime comes under class IV of BCS classification which means for low solubility and low permeability.  Low solubility of omeprazole magnesium and cefixime leads to bioavailability problems. Increasing the solubility of omeprazole magnesium and cefixime can increase the bioavailability of the drug. Solid dispersion and slugging method is employed to increase solubility of drug. The solid dispersion by solvent evaporation, and fusion method were prepared using PVPK-30, urea and PEG 6000, in ratios 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 .Slugging using excipient like lactose and sodium chloride in different ratios 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 also enhances solubility of the drug. Solid dispersion with solvent evaporation technique (PVP-K: ethanol) showed higher drug solubility in comparison to other technique like slugging method and fusion method.Slugging method is next better alternative to improve solubility of the given drug.

Current research work describes rapid high performance thin layer chromatographic determination of Cilnidipine and Metoprolol Succinate form its combined pharmaceutical Dosage Form. The mention drugs were spotted on silica gel F₂₅₄ TLC plates under pure nitrogen stream by Linomat TLC spotter. Separation was carried out by using Chloroform, Ethyl acetate, Methanol and Triethylamine as mobile phase in ratio of 9:2:0.5:0.5 v/v/v/v. Developed TLC plates were scanned by CAMAG TLC scanner and detection was carried out at 280 nm. R_f value of separated drugs was found to be 0.58 and 0.37 for Cilnidipine and Metoprolol Succinate respectively. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines by studying various validation parameters like Accuracy, Precision, Robustness, LOD, LOQ and solvent stability. The developed and validated method was successfully applied for determination of Cilnidipine and Metoprolol Succinate from its combined Pharmaceutical Dosage Form.

The synthesis of different derivatives of isoxazolo[5,4-b]quinoline by the cyclization reaction of various substituted oximes of quinoline using mild base at ambient temperature. The formation of isoxazolo [5, 4-b] quinoline, as a consequence of cheaper and more readily available K₂CO₃ and DMF participating in the reaction is documented.